Stevens-Johnson Syndrome Associated with Drugs and Vaccines in Children: A Case-Control Study

OBJECTIVE Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) is one of the most severe muco-cutaneous diseases and its occurrence is often attributed to drug use. The aim of the present study is to quantify the risk of SJS in association with drug and vaccine use in children. METHODS A multicenter surveillance of children hospitalized through the emergency departments for acute conditions of interest is currently ongoing in Italy. Cases with a diagnosis of SJS were retrieved from all admissions. Parents were interviewed on child's use of drugs and vaccines preceding the onset of symptoms that led to the hospitalization. We compared the use of drugs and vaccines in cases with the corresponding use in a control group of children hospitalized for acute neurological conditions. RESULTS Twenty-nine children with a diagnosis of SJS and 1,362 with neurological disorders were hospitalized between 1(st) November 1999 and 31(st) October 2012. Cases were more frequently exposed to drugs (79% vs 58% in the control group; adjusted OR 2.4; 95% CI 1.0-6.1). Anticonvulsants presented the highest adjusted OR: 26.8 (95% CI 8.4-86.0). Significantly elevated risks were also estimated for antibiotics use (adjusted OR 3.3; 95% CI 1.5-7.2), corticosteroids (adjusted OR 4.2; 95% CI 1.8-9.9) and paracetamol (adjusted OR 3.2; 95% CI 1.5-6.9). No increased risk was estimated for vaccines (adjusted OR: 0.9; 95% CI 0.3-2.8). DISCUSSION Our study provides additional evidence on the etiologic role of drugs and vaccines in the occurrence of SJS in children.